Dimensional tolerance

The allowed variation on a single linear or angular dimension, as opposed to a geometric tolerance on form, orientation or location.

Definition

A dimensional tolerance is the permitted variation on a single dimension, such as a length, diameter or angle, typically expressed as a plus/minus value or limit dimensions. It governs size, whereas a geometric tolerance (GD&T) governs form, orientation, location or runout independently of size.

Why dimensional tolerance alone isn't always enough

A tight dimensional tolerance without a corresponding geometric tolerance can still leave form or orientation loosely controlled, which is one reason GD&T exists: to control what a plus/minus dimension alone cannot.

Where it appears on the drawing

Directly on the dimension itself, either as an explicit plus/minus value, as limit dimensions, or implied by a general tolerance block (such as ISO 2768) when no explicit tolerance is given.

Common mistakes

Assuming a tight dimensional tolerance also controls form or orientation; a diameter within tolerance can still be out-of-round or tilted unless a geometric tolerance also constrains it.

What it means for your calculation

A tight dimensional tolerance without a corresponding geometric tolerance can still leave form or orientation loosely controlled, which is one reason GD&T exists: to control what a plus/minus dimension alone cannot.

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Frequently asked questions

Is dimensional tolerance the same as GD&T?

No, dimensional tolerance controls size; GD&T (geometric tolerance) controls form, orientation, location or runout, and the two are often used together.

What happens if no tolerance is given on a dimension?

It usually falls back to a general tolerance block, such as ISO 2768, referenced elsewhere on the drawing.

Can a part be within its dimensional tolerance but still fail?

Yes, if a geometric requirement (flatness, position, perpendicularity) is not separately met.