Research

Why one AI model cannot understand milling, EDM and sheet metal the same way

Subduxion Research · September 16, 2026

Manufacturing is a single economic category, but it is not a single physical process.

Milling removes material mechanically through cutting. Wire EDM removes conductive material through a fundamentally different mechanism: controlled electrical discharges between electrode and workpiece, a thermo-electric erosion process whose behaviour depends on factors including workpiece height, debris, wire oscillation and flushing conditions rather than cutting mechanics.1 EDM itself also contains distinct process families — wire, sinker and hole EDM — each with its own practical execution.1

The implication for manufacturing AI is straightforward: a shared representation can describe concepts such as part, requirement, process, machine, operation, time and outcome. But the model connecting those concepts to physical behaviour should not be assumed to be identical across manufacturing processes.

Our research direction is therefore one shared manufacturing representation combined with process-specific models, rather than one universal black box asked to learn all manufacturing physics at once. Subduxion does not currently have mature, validated models for every process listed here; this is the architecture we are building toward, not a description of current product capability.

Notes & references

  1. Kunieda, M., Lauwers, B., Rajurkar, K. P. & Schumacher, B. M. (2005), “Advancing EDM through Fundamental Insight into the Process,” CIRP Annals — Manufacturing Technology, 54(2), 64–87. DOI: 10.1016/S0007-8506(07)60020-1

Related